ESOPHAGEAL CANCER
CLLASIFICATION
Esophageal cancers are typically
CARCINOMAS which hap from the epithelium, or surface lining, of the esophagus. Most esophageal cancers start into one of digit classes: SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMAS, which are kindred to head and neck cancer in their appearance and association with tobacco and alcohol consumption, and
ADENOCARCINOMAS, which are often related with a history of gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrett's esophagus. A generalized conception of moulding is that a cancer in the upper two-thirds is a squamous radiophone carcinoma and one in the lower one-third is a adenocarcinoma.
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) and odynophagia (painful swallowing) are the most ordinary symptoms of esophageal cancer. Dysphagia is the first symptom in most patients. Odynophagia haw also be present. Fluids and soft foods are usually tolerated, while hard or bulky substances (such as bread or meat) cause much more difficulty. Substantial weight expiration is characteristic as a result of poor nutrition and the astir cancer. Pain, often of a burning nature, haw be nonindulgent and worsened by swallowing, and crapper be unsteady in character. An early sign haw be an unusually husky or raspy voice.
The presence of the tumor haw stop connatural peristalsis (the union swallowing reflex), leading to nausea and vomiting, regurgitation of food, coughing and an accumulated risk of desire pneumonia. The tumor opencast haw be breakable and bleed, feat hematemesis (vomiting up blood). Compression of local structures occurs in advanced disease, leading to much problems as upper route obstruction and crack vena cava syndrome. Fistulas haw develop between the passage and the trachea, crescendo the pneumonia risk; this condition is usually heralded by cough, feverishness or aspiration.
If the disease has distribute elsewhere, this haw lead to symptoms related to this: liver metastasis could cause icterus and ascites, lung metastasis could cause shortness of breath, pleural effusions, etc.
INVESTIGATIONS
It crapper be diagnosed by using X-rays using special dye. Before the X-ray represent is taken, the patient will be asked to enclose a beaker of a whitish changeful titled barium. X-ray pictures are condemned as the barium travels down the gullet and into the stomach.
The procedure is completely painless and provides priceless information about the filler of some abnormality present. It does not provide a concern diagnosis though some irregular narrowing of the gullet would strongly declare that there may be a cancer present.
The definitive diagnosis is made finished direct vision using a camera attached to a pliant tube (an endoscope), which makes it doable to take a paper sample (biopsy). The endoscopy (sometimes titled a gastroscopy) is carried out while the patient is under sedation.
A long pliant tube, about the thickness of a flowing pen, is passed finished the mouth, over the back of the tongue and down into the gullet and stomach. The tube is connected to a camera finished which the doctor crapper inspect the lining of the gullet and assess whether or not it is normal.
A sample will be condemned from some deviant or suspicious areas. After processing, these samples will be examined by a pathologist who will decide whether or not there are some cancer cells present. It commonly takes 7 to 10 life after the test before the pathologist's report is ready.
A CT scan is often performed to assess whether or not the disease has spread either locally or to the liver. This is a specially essential enquiry if surgery is existence considered.
CLLASIFICATION
Esophageal cancers are typically
CARCINOMAS which hap from the epithelium, or surface lining, of the esophagus. Most esophageal cancers start into one of digit classes: SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMAS, which are kindred to head and neck cancer in their appearance and association with tobacco and alcohol consumption, and
ADENOCARCINOMAS, which are often related with a history of gastroesophageal reflux disease and Barrett's esophagus. A generalized conception of moulding is that a cancer in the upper two-thirds is a squamous radiophone carcinoma and one in the lower one-third is a adenocarcinoma.
SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
Dysphagia (difficulty swallowing) and odynophagia (painful swallowing) are the most ordinary symptoms of esophageal cancer. Dysphagia is the first symptom in most patients. Odynophagia haw also be present. Fluids and soft foods are usually tolerated, while hard or bulky substances (such as bread or meat) cause much more difficulty. Substantial weight expiration is characteristic as a result of poor nutrition and the astir cancer. Pain, often of a burning nature, haw be nonindulgent and worsened by swallowing, and crapper be unsteady in character. An early sign haw be an unusually husky or raspy voice.
The presence of the tumor haw stop connatural peristalsis (the union swallowing reflex), leading to nausea and vomiting, regurgitation of food, coughing and an accumulated risk of desire pneumonia. The tumor opencast haw be breakable and bleed, feat hematemesis (vomiting up blood). Compression of local structures occurs in advanced disease, leading to much problems as upper route obstruction and crack vena cava syndrome. Fistulas haw develop between the passage and the trachea, crescendo the pneumonia risk; this condition is usually heralded by cough, feverishness or aspiration.
If the disease has distribute elsewhere, this haw lead to symptoms related to this: liver metastasis could cause icterus and ascites, lung metastasis could cause shortness of breath, pleural effusions, etc.
INVESTIGATIONS
It crapper be diagnosed by using X-rays using special dye. Before the X-ray represent is taken, the patient will be asked to enclose a beaker of a whitish changeful titled barium. X-ray pictures are condemned as the barium travels down the gullet and into the stomach.
The procedure is completely painless and provides priceless information about the filler of some abnormality present. It does not provide a concern diagnosis though some irregular narrowing of the gullet would strongly declare that there may be a cancer present.
The definitive diagnosis is made finished direct vision using a camera attached to a pliant tube (an endoscope), which makes it doable to take a paper sample (biopsy). The endoscopy (sometimes titled a gastroscopy) is carried out while the patient is under sedation.
A long pliant tube, about the thickness of a flowing pen, is passed finished the mouth, over the back of the tongue and down into the gullet and stomach. The tube is connected to a camera finished which the doctor crapper inspect the lining of the gullet and assess whether or not it is normal.
A sample will be condemned from some deviant or suspicious areas. After processing, these samples will be examined by a pathologist who will decide whether or not there are some cancer cells present. It commonly takes 7 to 10 life after the test before the pathologist's report is ready.
A CT scan is often performed to assess whether or not the disease has spread either locally or to the liver. This is a specially essential enquiry if surgery is existence considered.
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