Lung cancer

LUNG CANCER

Cancer of the lung, like all cancers, results from an abnormality in the body's basic unit of life, the cell. Normally, the body maintains a system of checks and balances on radiophone growth so that cells divide to produce new cells only when new cells are needed. Disruption of this system of checks and balances on radiophone growth results in an uncontrolled division and proliferation of cells that eventually forms a accumulation known as a tumor.

Lung cancer is a disease of anarchical cell growth in tissues of the lung. This growth may lead to metastasis, which is the invasion of adjacent tissue and infiltration beyond the lungs. The vast majority of primary lung cancers are carcinomas of the lung, derived from epithelial cells. Lung cancer, the most ordinary cause of cancer-related death in men and women, is responsible for 1.3 million deaths worldwide annually. The most ordinary symptoms are shortness of breath, coughing (including coughing up blood), and weight loss.

These are ordinary and may be either primary or secondary

PRIMARY CARCINOMA OF LUNG

This is the most ordinary primary malignant tumour in the United Kingdom.The forecasting is extremely poor ,the overall activity being 5% at 5 years.Only about 15% of cases are operable at diagnosis.The disease commonly presents between 40 and 70 eld of age.It accounts for about one-third of all cancers in males,and its incidence in females is increasing,being second only to boob cancer.

MORPHOLOGY

Most tumours hap from bronchi near to the hilum.Some rise peripherally ,and it is these diminutive peripheral adenocarcinomas which are amenable to surgery if detected preceding to metastatic distribute .

Four hitological types are recognised :

Squamous cell carcinoma.

Small cell carcinoma (oat cell carcinoma )

Adenocarcinoma.

Large cell dedifferentiated carcinoma.

SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

This type of cancer is most intimately associated with smoking.The growth occurs in the hilar regions usually in areas of squamous metaplasia ansdysplasia.Spread to hilar nodes is ordinary but distant metastases occur late.

SMALL CELL CARCINOMA ( OAt CELL CARCINOMA )

This type of cancer commonly arises in the hilar region.They metastasise primeval ,often producing large secondary deposits ,in whatever cases the primary growth remains very small.

ADENOCARCINOMA

These are commonly peripheral .They are associated with pulmonary fibrosis ,honeycomb lung and asbestosis.

LARGE CELL UNDIFFERENTIATED CARCINOMA

These are commonly centrally placed and are highly battlefull tumours associated with necrosis and haemorrhage.

OTHER LUNG TUMORS

These are rare and allow benign bronchial gland adenomas and mesenchymal tumours,Sarcomas and lymphomas occur but are also rare.

SECONDARY LUNG TUMORS

These are extremely common,being more ordinary than primary lung cancers ,They hap by either blood or lymphatic spread.Discrete nodules haw be scattered through discover the lung fields ,or the lymphatics may be diffusely involved ,a condition known as lymphangitis carcinomatosa .Secondary deposits are most ordinary from boob ,kidney ,gastrointestinal biome ,sarcoma and lymphomas.